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A country’s economy operates in a cycle. Sometimes you are up and sometimes you are down below. An economic recession is the low part of that cycle. People do not notice that it is happening before because government was swift to act on it and its policies and clout were able to stabilize the country’s economy before much damage is done. However, recently, the efforts of the government and their policies were not enough to stop the downward spiral of the countrys economy.

With rising costs in oil affecting the prices of basic commodities, people are scrimping on their purchases. This has affected companies leading to job losses and financial problems. The real estate industry has also crashed leaving many foreclosed properties because people just cant afford to pay the monthly premium anymore. The same goes with the banking and insurance sectors who are also feeling the heat of the economic recession.

But what is it really about? How can economic recession affect our daily lives and how is the government responding to it. Here are some of the things that you should know about recession and the things that it can do to you if you dont watch out.

1. It can make you lose your job
Economic recession is a period known for job cuts. When demand for products lessened and companies lose their money, the only way they can survive is to cut jobs. And this they cab justify as there will also be reduction in production. If you are one of the unlucky few who are working for a company experiencing such losses, you may stand to lose your job.

To prepare for this eventuality, try to check the background of your company. Listen to the office grapevine about potential losses. Usually, you will know if a company is losing money. If you feel that your company is losing money, make a back up plan just in case you lose your job. This is especially true if you are working in the assembly line or in the production line.

2. It can make life harder
Prices will often be high during an economic recession. This is because fewer supply of products will cause a rise in the prices. Although government will try to balance the situation out by introducing tax cuts, this may not help the situation especially if there have been many job losses.

Besides this, outlook in life will also be more pessimistic and sadder. People will try to scrimp on their expenses, no longer going for their usual entertainment. Although, there has been a study that movie tickets sales go up during recession. This is perhaps because people want to forget their problems for a while and just enjoy the world of the make believe.

3. It is not forever
One hopeful thing that people can look forward to is the fact that economic recession is not forever. As mentioned before, recession is a cycle and when you are down, the only way you can go is up. That is why, for the meantime the goal during these trying times is to ride the waves and survive. There is no need to panic or to worry about the future. Youll see, everything will right itself.

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The United States has been experiencing economic recession since early of the year 2008. Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania are also at risk of facing economic recession for the next 12 months. While Canada, Britain and Japan may foresee a recession in their economy in the future.

With all this recession risks, ordinary people, could not help but wonder what exactly is an economic recession.

The economic cycle is that when an economy is strong, people are employed and earning. There will be a great demand for outputs like food, electronics, vehicles and other products. The production will increase until it exceeds the actual demand. This would create a rise in prices or inflation.

Salary would then have difficulty accommodating the rising prices of products. The prices will be too expensive for consumers, that they will stop buying or sales would not increase. When the demand decreases, companies will lay off workers creating a large population of unemployed work force.

These are several signs of an economic recession. Decline in housing prices, decline in the stock market, and business expansion plans being put on hold are also signs of a recession.

According to the United States National Bureau of Economic Research, it is “a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales.”

Economic recession is a contraction phase of the business cycle. The common definition for recession is that there is a relative decline in a country’s gross domestic product or GDP. Having a negative real economic growth for two or more successive quarters is also a telltale sign for economic recession.

Gross domestic product is the market value of all the products and services produced in a region or commonly, country, in a year. GDP is the total output of the economy. GDP is measured every quarter. Since the gross domestic product or the output is declining. There is less need for people who are creating the product. Firms and companies will sever their ties with several employees resulting to unemployment.

A severe or long recession could be an economic depression. The difference between recession and depression is when the GDP is declining by 10%, that means what the economy is experiencing is already depression. A short –lived recession is often called economic correction.

Based on the definition of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), recession can last “more than a few months.” Therefore, an official announcement that a country or region is experiencing recession can only be made after economic decline for six months. Typically, a normal economic recession lasts for approximately one year.

Periodic recessions are part of a country’s or region’s economy. According to Tom Harris (How Recession Works), the United States has an economic pattern. The United States economy will expand for six until ten years and then enter a recession for about six months or two years. The start of the recession is called the peak, end of recession if trough. Meanwhile the period of time between two peaks or two recessions is called the business cycle.

NBER, a private, non profit research organization studies the American economy. The Business Cycle Dating Committee maintains the chronology of business cycle. They also decides whether the economy is in recession or expansion

Economists may argue with the definition of an economic recession. They may even debate whether the United States, specifically is experiencing an economic downturn. But it is not only the economists who can decide and identify an economic downfall, it is the ordinary people who can readily identify economic growth and demise.

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An economic situation in which a country’s gross domestic product or output is sustaining a negative growth for at least two consecutive quarters or six months is called an economic recession. For the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), “recession is a significant decline in economic activity lasting more than a few months”.

Economic recession lasts for eleven months and may reach until two years. While a recession that is short lived is called economic correction. Meanwhile a sustained recession turns into a depression.

What causes recessions to happen?

There are complex reasons as well as simple reasons why economic recessions happen. John Maynard Keynes states that there are “animal spirits” as driving elements for a recession. “Animal spirits” could be confidence, uncertainty, and pessimism. These “animal spirits” prevent objectivity and quantitative analysis.

An example where these “animal spirits” take over, is when consumers lose interest on products and outputs. On the eve of an economic recession, there will be overproduction. Supply will exceed the demands of products and goods.

This will push companies to increase prices and consumers will lose confidence and will be uncertain in purchasing products. Until the event that consumers will stop buying. Another example for this element driving recession will be the psychological impact the events of the September 11 attacks on consumers and the people.

Some economists suggest that recession may not only be caused by events that have large or huge impact on the people. Events that hurt particular companies or industries can also cause recession. Major innovations or change in a price of a major component needed in the completion of the product can have dramatic effects on some firms. These may cause reduction of workers or production.

Overconsumption can also be a cause of recession. Spending more that what is necessary may lead to recession and poverty. And example will be the major fuss over the expenditure of the United States in the Iraq war. Economists are saying that the United States should be careful with their consumption in the future.

Government economic policies can be used to avoid economic recession. But failure to provide good economic policies can lead to recession. There are some errors that can be made in economic policies. There are some economic policies that can lead to a boom and bust. This means that the economy is running in an unsustainable pace. Inflation is increasing.

Another policy error is that the policymakers themselves are not attentive enough to see the increasing inflation and onset of recession. Policymakers often times regard the onset of recession as just a slow economic growth and will correct themselves. But failure to address this may lead to more economic disasters.

Economic recession is not just a United States issue. The United Nations expressed an alarm that there might be a global economic recession as early as January 2008. According to United Nations, world economic growth for 2008 is estimated to be on 3.4 percent, flowing from the down trend since 2006 (3.9 percent) and 2007 (3.7 percent).

The bursting of the housing market bubble of the United States and the unfolding credit crisis of other countries are some contributing factors for a global recession. Currently, Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania are in risk of experiencing economic recession due to credit crisis.

To summarize, economic recession can be brought about by external as well as internal economic shocks and widening imbalances in the economy. Numerous ways can cause recession. Steps can be undertaken to avoid altogether this kind of economic scenario to happen. But the most difficult part is to recover from the impacts of this economic turmoil.

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A lot of people think that an economic recession is bad. While that is partly true, there are certain benefits.

When the economy is in recession, it won’t be long that you will get a check from the Internal Revenue Service or IRS. This may amount from $300 to $1,200 which is the government’s way to help the economy.

If you are wondering how much you will get, compute for this using the economic stimulus tax calculator. This is considered to be a rebate so if you didn’t get it this year, you will in 2009. This was done when the economy was in recession in 2000 but most of the checks came in when the economy was recovering a year later.

During an economic recession, majority of bonds and stocks are undervalued. This means it is bargain to buy them right now so go for it! Before you go on a shopping spree, find out which company’s shares will do better once the economy recovers. With that in mind, it will be easy to decide which one you should invest in. It is also possible to buy new homes when the prices have gone to an all time low.

One solution to curb the economic recession is for the Federal Reserve to lower interest rates. This means that as long as you have good credit ratings, you will be able to borrow money from the bank.

As a consumer, an economic recession brings tax breaks. What happens is that you don’t have to pay the IRS that much this year because of a deduction for private mortgage insurance which happens to be an extension of the sales tax write off and also a boost in the alternative minimum tax exemption amount.

If you are still working, an economic recession may also increase retirement account limits. You can do this by using your rebate check to turbocharge your retirement savings and investing this in a Roth or Traditional IRA. Some people have decided to invest it in both.

Should your gross income is $100,000 and below, you can now roll over your 401(k) directly into a Roth IRA without having your funds go through a Rollover Traditional IRA first. But if your income is above $100,000, just wait until 2010 when the income limit disappears so that you too can invest this into your retirement account.

There are people who say that an economic recession is also good for the environment because the consumer will be forced to cut costs. People will more likely trade in their sports utility vehicles or SUV’s for more fuel efficient vehicles. This in turn will reduce the number of carbon gases that are released into the air. Unfortunately, industries won’t be able to do the same.

Instead of going to the store to buy something you like, more people will order and purchase the same items online thus increasing business over the web. The same goes for advertising because it is much cheaper to do this online that billboards or newspapers.

There are benefits to an economic recession even if many of us see that nothing good comes out of it. The only consolation is that it is only temporary and the economy will recover by late this year or early next.

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